Are you a citizen of the US? If so, then technically you can get a passport, but you will need to speak with your probation officer (you will need to notify them anyway if you want to travel). Depending on the crime and/or the jurisdiction, people may have their names added to a database that the state dept. checks during the application process. If your name is in there, you may be denied if you try to apply. The process for clearing that up can be pretty lengthy. Make sure you have no travel restrictions and that you are clear to apply, and you should be able to get one.
If it was a felony most country's wont accept you in their borders... and you can get a passport but cannot leave while on probation. if it was a felony you most likely can't enter most countrys now